1827. December 20.

The three Hanseatic cities, in relation to crews, to be considered as one people:

Same in relation to clearances.

character of the vessel, whether it be of the one party or of the other, in which such article was imported; it being the true intent and meaning of the contracting parties, that no distinction or difference whatever shall be made in this respect.

ART. 4. In consideration of the limited extent of the territories of the Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg, and of the intimate connexion of trade and navigation subsisting between these Republics, it is hereby stipulated and agreed, that any vessel which shall be owned exclusively by a citizen or citizens of any or either of them, and of which the master shall also be a citizen of any or either of them, and provided that three fourths of the crew shall be citizens or subjects of any or either of the said Republics, or of any or either of the states of the confederation of Germany, such vessel, so owned and navigated, shall, for all the purposes of this convention, be taken to be, and considered as, a vessel belonging to Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg.

ART. 5. Any vessel, together with her cargo, belonging to either of the Free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, and coming from either of the said ports to the United States, shall for all the purposes of this convention, be deemed to have cleared from the Republic to which such vessel belong; although, in fact, it may not have been the one from which she departed; and any vessel of the United States, and her cargo, trading to the ports of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, directly, or in succession, shall, for the like purposes, be on the footing of a Hanseatic vessel, and her cargo, making the same voyage.

Citizens of both ART. 6. It is likewise agreed that it shall be wholly free parties, to be on an equal footing for all merchants, commanders of ships, and other citizens of

both parties, to manage, themselves, their own business, in all the ports and places subject to the jurisdiction of each other, as well with respect to the consignment and sale of their goods and merchandise, by wholesale or retail, as with respect to the loading, unloading and sending off their ships; submitting themselves to the laws, decrees, and usages there established, to which native citizens are subjected; they being, in all these cases, to be treated as citizens of the Republic in which they reside, or at least to be placed on a footing with the citizens or subjects of the most favored nation.

ART. 7. The citizens of each of the contracting parties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods, within the jurisdiction of the other, by sale, donation, testament, or otherwise;

à cause, ou en considération de la nationalité du navire qui aurait transporté cette production, soit qu'il appartenant à l'une des parties, soit à l'autre: l'intention bien positive des deux parties contractantes étant qu'aucune différence ou distinction quelconque n'ait lieu à cet égard.

ART. 4. En considération de l'étendue limitée des territoires des républiques de Lubeck, Bremen, et Hambourg, et de l'intime liaison commerce et de navigation subsistante entre ces républiques; il est ici stipulé et convenu, que tout navire appartenant exclusivement à un ou plusieurs citoyens de l'une ou des autres desdites républiques, et dont le capitaine sera aussi citoyen de l'une desdites républiques; pourvu que les trois quarts de l'équipage se composent de citoyens ou sujets d'une ou de plusieurs desdites républiques, ou d'un ou de plusieurs des états de la confédération Germanique; ledit navire sera considéré pour tous les objets de cette convention, comme navire appartenant à Lubeck, Bremen, ou Hambourg.

ART. 5. Tout bâtiment, ainsi que sa cargaison appartenant à l'une des Républiques Anséatiques de Lubeck, Bremen, et Hambourg, et venant de l'un des ports des susdites républiques aux Etats Unis, sera considéré, pour tous les objets de cette convention, comme venant de la république à laquelle il appartient, quoique, dans le fait, ce port ne soit pas celui d'où il aurait fait voile; et tout bâtiment des Etats Unis, ainsi, que sa cargaison, trafiquant, directement, ou successivement, avec les ports de Lubeck, Bremen, et Hambourg, sera placé, pour ces mêmes objets, sur le même pied qu'un bâtiment Anséatique et sa cargaison, faisant le même voyage.

ART. 6. Il est, en outre, convenu, que les négocians, capitaines de navires, et autres citoyens des deux parties, pourront, euxmêmes, diriger librement leurs propres affaires, dans tous les ports et places soumis à la jurisdiction de chacune d'elles, tant pour se qui a rapport à la consignation et à la vente en gros et en détail de leurs denrées et marchandises, que pour ce qui régarde le chargement, déchargement, et expédition de leurs bâtiments, en se conformant aux lois, décrets et usages y établis, auxquels les citoyens de l'état sont assujettis; ils seront, dans tous ces cas, traité comme sujets de la république dans laquelle ils résideront; ou, du moins, ils seront placés sur le même pied que les citoyens ou sujets de la nation la plus favorisée.

ART. 7. Les citoyens de chacune des parties contractantes pourront disposer de leurs biens personnels, dans les limites de la jurisdiction de l'autre, par vente, donation, testament,

1827. December 20. 1827.

cheat, &c.

and their representatives, being citizens of the other party, December 20. shall succeed to their said personal goods, whether by testament or ab intestato, and they may take possession thereof, Exemption from either by themselves or others acting for them, and dispose of the same at their will, paying such dues only as the inhabitants of the country wherein said goods are, shall be subject to pay in like cases: and if, in the case of real estate, the said heirs would be prevented from entering into the possession of the inheritance on account of their character of aliens, there shall be granted to them the term of three years to dispose of the same, as they may think proper, and to withdraw the proceeds without molestation, and exempt from all duties of detraction on the part of the government of the respective states.

Special protection to persons

ART. 8. Both the contracting parties promise, and engage and property of formally, to give their special protection to the persons and the citizens of both parties.

No particular favors to be granted, not

common to both.

To be in force twelve years,

property of the citizens of each other, of all occupations, who may be in the territories subject to the jurisdiction of the one or the other, transient, or dwelling therein, leaving open and free to them, the tribunals of justice for their judicial recourse, on the same terms which are usual and customary with the natives or citizens of the country in which they may be; for which they may employ, in defence of their rights, such advocates, solicitors, notaries, agents, and factors, as they may judge proper, in all their trials at law; and such citizens or agents, shall have as free opportunity as native citizens to be present at the decisions and sentences of the tribunals, in all cases which may concern them; and likewise at the taking of all examinations and evidence which may be exhibited in the said trials.

ART. 9. The contracting parties, desiring to live in peace and harmony with all the other nations of the earth, by means of a policy, frank and equally friendly with all, engage mutually not to grant any particular favor to other nations, in respect of commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same freely, if the concession was freely made, or on allowing the same compensation, if the concession was conditional.

ART. 10. The present convention shall be in force for the term of twelve years from the date hereof: and further, until the end of twelve months after the government of the United States, on the one part, or the Free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, or either of them, on the other part, shall have given notice of their intention to terminate the

1827.

ou autrement; et leurs héritiers, étant citoyens de l'autre partie, succéderont auxdits biens personnels, soit en vertu d'un December 20. testament, soit ab intestato; ils pourront en prendre possession, soit en personne, soit par d'autres agissant en leur place; et ils en disposeront, à leur volonté, en ne payant d'autres droits que ceux auxquels les habitans du pays où se trouvent lesdit biens, sont assujettis en pareille occasion. Et si, dans le cas de biens immeubles, lesdits héritiers ne pouvaient entrer en jouissance de l'héritage, à cause de leur qualité d'étrangers, il leur sera accordé un délai de trois ans, pour en disposer à leur gré, et pour en retirer le produit sans obstacle, et exempt de tous droits de détraction, de la part des gouvernemens des états respectifs.

ART. 8. Les deux parties contractantes promettent, et s'engagent forméllement d'accorder leur protection spéciale aux personnes et propriétés des citoyens de chacune d'elles, quelles que soient leurs occupations. qui pourraient se trouver dans les territoires soumis à leur jurisdiction, soit pour y voyager soit pour y séjourner; leur accordant pleine liberté de recourir aux cours de justice, pour leurs affaires litigieuses, aux mêmes conditions qui seront accordées, par l'usage, au citoyens du pays où ils se trouveront; et d'employer, dans leur procès, pour la défense de leurs droits, tels avocats, avoués, notaires, agens ou mandataires qu'ils trouveront convenable de choisir; et lesdits citoyens, et leurs agens, jouiront de la même liberté que ceux du pays d'assister aux décisions, et sentences des tribunaux, dans tous les cas où ils s'y trouveront intéressés, ainsi qu'à l'examen des témoins qui seraient appelés dans lesdits procès.

ART. 9. Les parties contractantes désirant vivre en paix et harmonie avec toutes les nations de la terre, en observant envers chacune, également, une politique franche et amicale; s'engagent mutuellement à n'accorder aucune faveur particuliere à d'autres nations, en fait de commerce et de navigation, qui ne devienne aussitôt commune à l'autre partie; et celle ci jouira de cette faveur gratuitement, si la concession est gratuite, ou en accordant la même compensation, si la concession est conditionnelle.

ART. 10. La présente convention sera en vigueur pendant douze ans à dater de ce jour; et audelà de ce terme, jusqu'à l'éxpiration de douze mois après que l'un ou l'autre des gouvernement des Républiques Anséatiques de Lubeck, Bremen, et Hamburg, d'une part, ou le gouvernement des Etats Unis, d'autre part, aura annoncé à l'autre son intention de la termi

1897.

and to terminate on 12

same; each of the said contracting parties reserving to itself December 20. the right of giving such notice to the other, at the end of the said term of twelve years; and it is hereby agreed between them, that, at the expiration of twelve months after such nomonths notice. tice shall have been received by either of the parties from the other, this convention, and all the provisions thereof, shall, altogether, cease and determine, as far as regards the states giving and receiving such notice; it being always understood and agreed, that, if one or more of the Hanseatic Republics aforesaid shall, at the expiration of twelve years from the date hereof, give or receive notice of the proposed termination of this convention, it shall nevertheless, remain in full force and operation, as far as regards the remaining Hanseatic Republics or Republic, which may not have given or received such notice.

Ratifications to

ART. 11. The present convention being approved and ratibe exchanged fied by the president of the United States, by and with the

within months.

advice and consent of the senate thereof; and by the senates of the Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg, the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington within nine months from the date hereof, or sooner, if possible.

In faith whereof, we, the plenipotentiaries of the contracting parties, have signed the present convention; and have thereto affixed our seals.

Done in quadruplicate, at the City of Washington, on the twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven, in the fiftysecond year of the Independence of the United States of America.

[Signed]

[L. S.] H. CLAY.
[L. S.] V. RUMPFF.

NOTE.-Ratifications were exchanged on the second day of June, 1828.