ON HEAT.

IN ITS RELATIONS TO

WATER AND STEAM:

EMBRACING NEW VIEWS

OF

VAPORIZATION, CONDENSATION, AND EXPLOSIONS.

BY

CHAS. WYE WILLIAMS, A.I.C.E.,

Author of Treatise on the "COMBUSTION OF COAL, CHEMICALLY AND PRACTICALLY
CONSIDERED," and of the "PRIZE ESSAY ON THE PREVENTION OF
THE SMOKE NUISANCE."

LONDON:

LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, & ROBERTS.

1860.

[The Right of Translation is reserved.]

ADDRESS.

TO THE DIRECTORS AND PROPRIETORS OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN STEAM-PACKET COMPANY.

GENTLEMEN,

In 1840 I had the honor of addressing to you my Treatise on the Combustion of Coal. I have now, after an interval of twenty years, to present to your notice a Treatise on Heat, in connection with the generation and properties of steam, written in the hope that it may remove some of the uncertainties, and correct some of the errors, which prevail in reference to its application in the Steam Engine, and, in particular, in Steam

Navigation.

I have now to express my acknowledgment

of the obligation I feel for the confidence you have reposed in me during a period of thirty-seven years, since I entered on the duties of Managing Director in your service.

I have the honor to be,

Gentlemen,

Your faithful and obedient Servant,

CHAS. WYE WILLIAMS.

LIVERPOOL, SEPTEMBER 10TH, 1860.

CONTENTS.

The subjects treated in the present Volume are :—

In addition to the above, the memoranda of the last ten years have
supplied much matter on other branches of the inquiry. Time, however,
pressed, and it was found impossible to complete the necessary experi-
ments without a considerable delay; and, further, it would ill become an
octogenarian to look for the realization of all that appeared worthy of note.
The following additional heads have therefore been postponed, viz. :—

I. OF THE JET IN AID OF DRAUGHT.

II. FEED WATER, and the MEANS OF HEATING IT.

III.-PRIMING-ITS CAUSE AND PREVENTION.

IV. -SUPERHEATED STEAM.

V.-MECHANICAL MEANS OF IMPROVING THE VACUUM.

VI.-LIQUID AND VAPOUR ATOMS-THEIR RELATIVE VOLUME.

VII.-ELECTRICITY OF STEAM.